JSF - Page Navigation

導航規則是JSF框架提供的那些規則，用於描述單擊按鈕或連結時要顯示哪個視圖。

導航規則可以在JSF配置文件faces-config.xml中定義。它們可以在託管bean中定義。

導航規則可以包含顯示結果視圖的條件。JSF 2.0還提供了隱式導航，無需定義導航規則。

Implicit Navigation

JSF 2.0提供了名爲隱式導航的自動查看頁面解析器機制。在這種情況下，您只需要將視圖名放在action屬性中，JSF將在部署的應用程式中自動搜索正確的視圖頁面。

Auto Navigation in JSF Page

在任何JSF UI組件的action屬性中設置視圖名。

<h:form>
   <h3>Using JSF outcome</h3>
   <h:commandButton action = "page2" value = "Page2" />
</h:form>

在這裡，當點擊Page2按鈕時，JSF將解析視圖名，Page2作爲Page2.xhtml擴展名，並在當前目錄中找到相應的視圖文件Page2.xhtml。

Auto Navigation in Managed Bean

在託管bean中定義方法以返回視圖名稱。

@ManagedBean(name = "navigationController", eager = true)
@RequestScoped

public class NavigationController implements Serializable {
   public String moveToPage1() {
      return "page1";
   }
}

使用託管bean獲取任何JSF UI組件的action屬性中的視圖名。

<h:form> 
   <h3> Using Managed Bean</h3>  
   <h:commandButton action = "#{navigationController.moveToPage1}" 
   value = "Page1" /glt; 
</h:form>

在這裡，當點擊Page1按鈕時，JSF將解析視圖名，Page1作爲Page1.xhtml擴展名，並在當前目錄中找到相應的視圖文件Page1.xhtml。

Conditional Navigation

使用託管bean，我們可以很容易地控制導航。查看託管bean中的以下代碼。

@ManagedBean(name = "navigationController", eager = true)
@RequestScoped

public class NavigationController implements Serializable {
   //this managed property will read value from request parameter pageId
   @ManagedProperty(value = "#{param.pageId}")
   private String pageId;

   //condional navigation based on pageId
   //if pageId is 1 show page1.xhtml,
   //if pageId is 2 show page2.xhtml
   //else show home.xhtml
   
   public String showPage() {
      if(pageId == null) {
         return "home";
      }
      
      if(pageId.equals("1")) {
         return "page1";
      }else if(pageId.equals("2")) {
         return "page2";
      }else {
         return "home";
      }
   }
}

Pass pageId as a request parameter in JSF UI Component.

<h:form>
   <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.showPage}" value = "Page1">
      <f:param name = "pageId" value = "1" />
   </h:commandLink>
   <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.showPage}" value = "Page2">
      <f:param name = "pageId" value = "2" />
   </h:commandLink>
   <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.showPage}" value = "Home">
      <f:param name = "pageId" value = "3" />
   </h:commandLink>
</h:form>

Here, when "Page1" button is clicked.

JSF will create a request with parameter pageId = 1
然後JSF將把這個參數傳遞給navigationController的託管屬性pageId
現在調用navigationController.showPage（），它將在檢查pageId之後返回視圖page1
JSF將把視圖名page1解析爲page1.xhtml擴展名
在當前目錄中找到相應的視圖文件page1.xhtml

Resolving Navigation Based on from-action

即使託管bean的不同方法返回相同的視圖名，JSF也提供導航解析選項。

查看託管bean中的以下代碼。

public String processPage1() { 
   return "page"; 
} 
public String processPage2() { 
   return "page"; 
}

要解析視圖，請在faces-config.xml中定義以下導航規則

<navigation-rule> 
   <from-view-id>home.xhtml</from-view-id> 
   
   <navigation-case> 
      <from-action>#{navigationController.processPage1}</from-action> 
      <from-outcome>page</from-outcome> 
      <to-view-id>page1.jsf</to-view-id> 
   </navigation-case> 
   
   <navigation-case> 
      <from-action>#{navigationController.processPage2}</from-action> 
      <from-outcome>page</from-outcome> 
      <to-view-id>page2.jsf</to-view-id> 
   </navigation-case> 

</navigation-rule>

這裡，單擊Page1按鈕時−

調用navigationController.processPage1（），它將以頁的形式返回視圖
JSF將解析視圖名，page1因爲視圖名是page，而從faces config中的action中解析的是navigationController.processPage1
在當前目錄中找到相應的視圖文件page1.xhtml

Forward vs Redirect

默認情況下，JSF在導航到另一個頁面時執行伺服器頁面轉發，應用程式的URL不會更改。

要啓用頁面重定向，請在視圖名稱的末尾附加faces redirect=true。

<h:form>
   <h3>Forward</h3>
   <h:commandButton action = "page1" value = "Page1" />
   <h3>Redirect</h3>
   <h:commandButton action = "page1?faces-redirect = true" value = "Page1" />
</h:form>

在這裡，單擊Forward下的Page1按鈕，將得到以下結果。

單擊「重定向」下的「第1頁」按鈕時，將得到以下結果。

Example Application

讓我們創建一個測試JSF應用程式來測試上述所有導航示例。

Step	Description
1	Create a project with a name helloworld under a package com.tutorialspoint.test as explained in the JSF - Create Application chapter.
2	Create NavigationController.java under a package com.tutorialspoint.test as explained below.
3	Create faces-config.xml under a WEB-INF folder and updated its contents as explained below.
4	Update web.xml under a WEB-INF folder as explained below.
5	Create page1.xhtml and page2.xhtml and modify home.xhtml under a webapp folder as explained below.
6	Compile and run the application to make sure business logic is working as per the requirements.
7	Finally, build the application in the form of war file and deploy it in Apache Tomcat Webserver.
8	Launch your web application using appropriate URL as explained below in the last step.

NavigationController.java

package com.tutorialspoint.test;
  
import java.io.Serializable;  

import javax.faces.bean.ManagedBean; 
import javax.faces.bean.ManagedProperty; 
import javax.faces.bean.RequestScoped;  

@ManagedBean(name = "navigationController", eager = true) 
@RequestScoped 
public class NavigationController implements Serializable {  
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
   @ManagedProperty(value = "#{param.pageId}")    
   private String pageId;  
   
   public String moveToPage1() {      
      return "page1";    
   }  
   
   public String moveToPage2() {       
      return "page2";    
   }  
   
   public String moveToHomePage() {      
      return "home";    
   }  
   
   public String processPage1() {       
      return "page";    
   }  
   
   public String processPage2() {       
      return "page";    
   } 
   
   public String showPage() {       
      if(pageId == null) {          
         return "home";       
      }       
      
      if(pageId.equals("1")) {          
         return "page1";       
      }else if(pageId.equals("2")) {          
         return "page2";       
      }else {          
         return "home";       
      }    
   }  
   
   public String getPageId() {       
      return pageId;    
   }  
   
   public void setPageId(String pageId) {       
      this.pageId = pageId;   
   } 
}

faces-config.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<faces-config
   xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-facesconfig_2_0.xsd"
   version = "2.0">
   
   <navigation-rule>
      <from-view-id>home.xhtml</from-view-id>
      <navigation-case>
         <from-action>#{navigationController.processPage1}</from-action>
         <from-outcome>page</from-outcome>
         <to-view-id>page1.jsf</to-view-id>
      </navigation-case>
      <navigation-case>
         <from-action>#{navigationController.processPage2}</from-action>
         <from-outcome>page</from-outcome>
         <to-view-id>page2.jsf</to-view-id>
      </navigation-case>
   </navigation-rule>

</faces-config>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
   "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
   "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
   <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

   <context-param>
      <param-name>javax.faces.PROJECT_STAGE</param-name>
      <param-value>Development</param-value>
   </context-param>
   <context-param>
      <param-name>javax.faces.CONFIG_FILES</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/faces-config.xml</param-value>
   </context-param>
   
   <servlet>
      <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
   </servlet>
   <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>*.jsf</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

page1.xhtml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
   "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
   xmlns:h = "http://java.sun.com/jsf/html">
   
   <h:body>
      <h2>This is Page1</h2>
      <h:form>
         <h:commandButton action = "home?faces-redirect = true"
            value = "Back To Home Page" />
      </h:form>
   </h:body>
</html>

page2.xhtml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
   "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
   xmlns:h = "http://java.sun.com/jsf/html">
   
   <h:body>
      <h2>This is Page2</h2>
      <h:form>
         <h:commandButton action = "home?faces-redirect = true"
            value = "Back To Home Page" />
      </h:form>
   </h:body>
</html>

home.xhtml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
   xmlns:f = "http://java.sun.com/jsf/core"
   xmlns:h = "http://java.sun.com/jsf/html">

   <h:body>
      <h2>Implicit Navigation</h2>
      <hr />
      
      <h:form>
         <h3>Using Managed Bean</h3>
         <h:commandButton action = "#{navigationController.moveToPage1}"
            value = "Page1" />
         <h3>Using JSF outcome</h3>
         <h:commandButton action = "page2" value = "Page2" />
      </h:form>
      <br/>
      
      <h2>Conditional Navigation</h2>
      <hr />
      <h:form>
         <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.showPage}"
            value="Page1">
            <f:param name = "pageId" value = "1" />
         </h:commandLink>
              
         
         <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.showPage}"
            value="Page2">
            <f:param name = "pageId" value = "2" />
         </h:commandLink>
              
         
         <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.showPage}"
            value = "Home">
            <f:param name = "pageId" value = "3" />
         </h:commandLink>
      </h:form>
      <br/>
      
      <h2>"From Action" Navigation</h2>
      <hr />
      
      <h:form>
         <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.processPage1}"
         value = "Page1" />
              
         <h:commandLink action = "#{navigationController.processPage2}"
         value = "Page2" />
              
      </h:form>
      <br/>
      
      <h2>Forward vs Redirection Navigation</h2>
      <hr />
      <h:form>
         <h3>Forward</h3>
         <h:commandButton action = "page1" value = "Page1" />
         <h3>Redirect</h3>
         <h:commandButton action = "page1?faces-redirect = true"
         value = "Page1" />
      </h:form>
   </h:body>
</html>

完成所有更改後，讓我們像在JSF-創建應用程式一章中那樣編譯和運行應用程式。如果您的應用程式一切正常，這將產生以下結果。