Hibernate多對多(Many-to-Many)映射
Many-to-Many 多對多的映射可以使用一組Java集合不包含任何重複的元素來實現。我們已經看到了Hibernate如何設置映射集合。
集(SET)被映射到與映射表中<set>元素,並以java.util.HashSet初始化。您可以使用Set集合在類中時,集合不需要重複的元素。
定義RDBMS表:
考慮一個情況下,我們需要員工記錄存儲在EMPLOYEE表,將有以下結構:
create table EMPLOYEE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, salary INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
此外,假設每個雇員可具有一個或多個與他/她的和類似的證書相關聯的證書可以與一個以上的雇員相關聯。我們將存儲證書的相關信息在一個單獨的表,該表具有以下結構:
create table CERTIFICATE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
我們可以實現員工和證書對象之間的許多一對多的關係,我們就必須引入具有員工ID和證書編號如下多一個中間表:
create table EMP_CERT ( employee_id INT NOT NULL, certificate_id INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (employee_id,certificate_id) );
定義POJO類:
讓我們實現我們的POJO員工類將被用於保存與EMPLOYEE表中的對象和有證書的集變量的集合。
import java.util.*; public class Employee { private int id; private String firstName; private String lastName; private int salary; private Set certificates; public Employee() {} public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) { this.firstName = fname; this.lastName = lname; this.salary = salary; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName( String first_name ) { this.firstName = first_name; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName( String last_name ) { this.lastName = last_name; } public int getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary( int salary ) { this.salary = salary; } public Set getCertificates() { return certificates; } public void setCertificates( Set certificates ) { this.certificates = certificates; } }
現在讓我們定義另一個POJO類對應的表的證書,這樣的證書對象可以存儲和檢索到的證書表。這個類還應該同時實現了equals()和hashCode()方法,使Java可以判斷任意兩個元素/對象是否相同。
public class Certificate { private int id; private String name; public Certificate() {} public Certificate(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName( String name ) { this.name = name; } public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj == null) return false; if (!this.getClass().equals(obj.getClass())) return false; Certificate obj2 = (Certificate)obj; if((this.id == obj2.getId()) && (this.name.equals(obj2.getName()))) { return true; } return false; } public int hashCode() { int tmp = 0; tmp = ( id + name ).hashCode(); return tmp; } }
定義Hibernate映射文件:
我們指示Hibernate如何定義的類映射到數據庫表的映射文件。<SET>元素將被用於定義多對一對多關係的規則。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the employee detail. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <set name="certificates" cascade="save-update" table="EMP_CERT"> <key column="employee_id"/> <many-to-many column="certificate_id" class="Certificate"/> </set> <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/> <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/> <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/> </class> <class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the certificate records. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
應該保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我們保存映射文件Employee.hbm.xml。你已經熟悉了大部分的映射細節,但讓我們再次看看映射文件中的所有元素:
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映射文檔是具有<hibernate-mapping>為對應於每一個類包含2個<class>元素的根元素的XML文檔。
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<class>元素被用於定義數據庫表從一個Java類特定的映射。Java類名指定使用class元素的name屬性和使用表屬性數據庫表名指定。
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<meta>元素是可選元素,可以用來創建類的描述。
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<id>元素映射在類中的唯一ID屬性到數據庫表的主鍵。 id元素的name屬性是指屬性的類和column屬性是指在數據庫表中的列。 type屬性保存了Hibernate映射類型,這種類型的映射將會從Java轉換為SQL數據類型。
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id元素內的<generator>元素被用來自動生成的主鍵值。將生成元素的class屬性設置為原生讓Hibernate拾取無論是identity,sequence還是hilo的算法來創建主鍵根據底層數據庫的支持能力。
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<property>元素用於一個Java類的屬性映射到數據庫表中的列。元素的name屬性是指屬性的類和column屬性是指在數據庫表中的列。 type屬性保存了Hibernate映射類型,這種類型的映射將會從Java轉換為SQL數據類型。
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<SET>元素設置證書和Employee類之間的關係。我們設置cascade屬性來保存更新,告訴Hibernate來保存證書對象保存,即在同一時間為Employee對象創建和更新操作。 name屬性被設置為在父類中定義的變量設置,它是證書。對於每一組變量,我們需要定義在映射文件中單獨的一組元素。在這裡,我們使用name屬性到中間表名設置為EMP_CERT。
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<key>元素是包含外鍵的父對象,即在EMP_CERT表中的列。表EMPLOYEE和鏈接在證書表中的certification_id。
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<many-to-many>這個元素表示一個Employee對象涉及到很多證書的對象和列屬性用於鏈接的中間表EMP_CERT。
創建應用程序類:
最後,我們將創建應用程序類的main()方法來運行應用程序。我們將使用這個應用程序,以節省一些員工的記錄連同證書,然後我們將應用CRUD操作上的記錄。
import java.util.*; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class ManageEmployee { private static SessionFactory factory; public static void main(String[] args) { try{ factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); }catch (Throwable ex) { System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee(); /* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */ HashSet certificates = new HashSet(); certificates.add(new Certificate("MCA")); certificates.add(new Certificate("MBA")); certificates.add(new Certificate("PMP")); /* Add employee records in the database */ Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, certificates); /* Add another employee record in the database */ Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, certificates); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); /* Update employee's salary records */ ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000); /* Delete an employee from the database */ ME.deleteEmployee(empID2); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); } /* Method to add an employee record in the database */ public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary, Set cert){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; Integer employeeID = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary); employee.setCertificates(cert); employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } return employeeID; } /* Method to list all the employees detail */ public void listEmployees( ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list(); for (Iterator iterator1 = employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){ Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next(); System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()); System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()); System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary()); Set certificates = employee.getCertificates(); for (Iterator iterator2 = certificates.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();){ Certificate certName = (Certificate) iterator2.next(); System.out.println("Certificate: " + certName.getName()); } } tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to update salary for an employee */ public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); employee.setSalary( salary ); session.update(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to delete an employee from the records */ public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); session.delete(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } }
編譯和執行:
下麵是步驟來編譯並運行上述應用程序。請確保您已在進行的編譯和執行之前,適當地設置PATH和CLASSPATH。
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創建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件
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創建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件,如上圖所示。
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創建Employee.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
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創建Certificate.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
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創建ManageEmployee.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
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執行ManageEmployee二進製文件來運行程序。
在屏幕上獲得以下結果,並同時記錄會在員工,EMP_CERT和證書表被創建。
$java ManageEmployee .......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........ First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000 Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP Certificate: MCA First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000 Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP Certificate: MCA First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000 Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP Certificate: MCA
如果檢查員工,EMP_CERT和證書表,就應該記錄下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE; +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | id | first_name | last_name | salary | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | 22 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from CERTIFICATE; +----+------------------+ | id | certificate_name | +----+------------------+ | 4 | MBA | | 5 | PMP | | 6 | MCA | +----+------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from EMP_CERT; +-------------+----------------+ | employee_id | certificate_id | +-------------+----------------+ | 22 | 4 | | 22 | 5 | | 22 | 6 | +-------------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>